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John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick, KB (1527(?)〔 – 21 October 1554) was an English nobleman and the heir of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, leading minister and regent under Edward VI of England from 1550–1553. As his father's career progressed, John Dudley respectively assumed his father's former titles, Viscount Lisle and Earl of Warwick. Interested in the arts and sciences, he was the dedicatee of several books by eminent scholars, both during his lifetime and posthumously. His marriage to the former Protector Somerset's eldest daughter, in the presence of the King and a magnificent setting, was a gesture of reconciliation between the young couple's fathers. However, their struggle for power flared up again and ended with the Duke of Somerset's execution. In July 1553, after King Edward's death, Dudley was one of the signatories of the letters patent that attempted to set Lady Jane Grey on the throne of England, and took arms against Mary Tudor, alongside his father. The short campaign did not see any military engagements and ended as the Duke of Northumberland and his son were taken prisoners at Cambridge. John Dudley the younger was condemned to death yet reprieved. He died shortly after his release from the Tower of London. ==Education and court life== John Dudley was the third of thirteen children born to Sir John Dudley and Jane Guildford, daughter of Sir Edward Guildford. When John was born, his father was a young knight, son of the executed Edmund Dudley, councillor to Henry VII; in 1537 he became vice-admiral and later Lord Admiral.〔Loades 1996 pp. 23, 34, 55〕 In 1542 he received his mother's title of Viscount Lisle.〔Adams 2002 p. 316〕 The elder John Dudley was a family man and happily married, as was noted by contemporaries and is evident from letters.〔Ives 2009 pp. 105–106, 307; Loades 2008〕 The Dudleys moved in evangelical circles from the early 1530s,〔MacCulloch 2001 pp. 52–53; Ives 2009 pp. 114–115〕 and their children were educated in Renaissance humanism and science by tutors and companions such as Roger Ascham,〔Chamberlin 1939 p. 55〕 John Dee,〔Wilson 1981 p. 16〕 and Thomas Wilson.〔Chamberlin 1939 p. 56〕 Of the brothers, John in particular had scholarly and artistic leanings.〔Wilson 1981 p.16〕 He was the dedicatee of Walter Haddon's ''Cantabrigienses'' (1552) and Thomas Wilson's (1553).〔Wilson 1981 p. 312〕 As late as 1570, John Dee dedicated his to the long-deceased young man's memory,〔Woolley 2002 pp. 93, 13〕 praising his use of arithmetics and "hearty love to virtuous sciences".〔French 2002 p. 32〕 Dudley had his own small library with books in French, Italian and Latin as well as a Greek grammar, and .〔Loades 2008; Haynes 1987 p. 25〕 John Dudley became his father's heir after his eldest brother Henry was killed in 1544 during the siege of Boulogne under King Henry VIII.〔Chamberlin 1939 p. 76〕 At the coronation of Edward VI in 1547 he was made a Knight of the Bath.〔Loades 2008〕 Some weeks into Edward's reign the new Privy Council awarded themselves a round of promotions based on Henry VIII's wishes, and the elder John Dudley was created Earl of Warwick, the younger assumed his father's old title of Viscount Lisle.〔Loades 1996 p. 90; Wilson 1981 p. 28〕 The younger John Dudley and his brothers Ambrose and Robert frequently took part in tournaments and other court festivities.〔Wilson 1981 p. 42〕 On 3 June 1550 he was married to Anne Seymour, eldest daughter of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and former Lord Protector of England.〔Wriothesley 1878 p. 41〕 The marriage was a grand affair attended by the twelve-year-old King Edward at the palace of Sheen. According to his diary Edward had a lot of fun; he watched mock battles, masques, and there was "a fair dinner made", a great banquet.〔Ives 2009 p. 111〕 The match was to express the renewed amity between the young couple's fathers, who had been political rivals, but the peace would not last.〔Loades 1996 p. 152〕 The Earl of Warwick leading the English government since early 1550, Somerset began to plot his removal and was executed for felony in January 1552.〔Loades 1996 pp. 186–190, 285; Ives 2009 pp. 112–113〕 After King Edward, now fourteen, had raised his father to the dukedom of Northumberland in October 1551, John Dudley became styled Earl of Warwick.〔 In January 1553 he was summoned to Parliament in his own right, so that he could attend the House of Lords. This he did but made no impact, and it is even unclear whether the other Lords allowed him to participate in debates.〔Ives 2009 p. 306; Loades 1996 p. 236〕 In April 1552 Warwick became Master of the Horse,〔 a major position in the royal household normally held by more experienced men.〔 In 1551 he travelled with a diplomatic mission to France.〔Loades 1996 p. 224〕 At one point he ran into financial difficulties, possibly due to bad company, as a knowing letter from his father to him reveals:〔Wilson 1981 p. 12; Loades 1996 p. 224〕
In February 1553 Princess Mary visited London and was welcomed in the outskirts by the Earl of Warwick at the head of numerous gentlemen. It was a splendid occasion, Mary being received by the Lords of the Council "as if she had been Queen of England".〔Ives 2009 pp. 94〕 Still without a proper income of his own, in the next month, Warwick received the wardship of his fourteen-year-old brother-in-law, Edward Seymour.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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